集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
关于集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题,主要遵循"意义一致"原则,需根据语境判断强调整体还是个体成员。以下是具体分类和用法:
一、可单可复的集体名词
1. 强调整体时用单数
如family, team, class, government等名词表示整体概念时,谓语用单数:
His family is very rich.(家庭作为整体)
The committee has approved the plan.(委员会作为单位)
2. 强调个体成员时用复数
同一名词若指代集体中的多个个体,谓语用复数:
His family are all doctors.(家庭成员)
The team are arguing about tactics.(队员之间)
二、固定用复数的集体名词
people, police, cattle, poultry等词无论语境如何,谓语必须用复数:
The police are investigating.
Cattle were grazing in the field.
三、特殊结构
1. "a group of +复数名词"
强调整体用单数,强调个体用复数:
A group of students is touring the museum.(整体)
A group of students are discussing the project.(个体)
2. 分数/百分数作主语时
谓语形式取决于of后的名词:
One third of the books are missing.(可数名词复数)
60% of the water is polluted.(不可数名词)
四、易错点提醒
形单意复名词(如people表示"人们")必须用复数,但people表示"民族"时可单可复
就近原则不适用于集体名词,如:Neither the team nor the coach is ready.(谓语与最近主语一致)
通过上下文判断集体名词的语义焦点是解决问题的关键。
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